Stéphane Tarnier

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Monument to Stéphane Tarnier by Denys Puech, 1905
Rue d'Assas / Avenue de l'Observatoire
Quartier de l'Odéon, 6th arrondissement
Paris, July 2005

“Stéphane Étienne Tarnier (29 April 1828 – 23 November 1897) was a French obstetrician who was a native of Aiserey. He studied and practiced medicine in Paris, and is often considered as doyen of French obstetrics during the second half of the nineteenth century. Some of his better-known assistants were obstetricians Pierre-Constant Budin (1846–1907), Paul Bar (1853–1945), Pierre-Victor-Adolphe Auvard (1855–1941) and Adolphe Pinard (1844–1934). Tarnier is remembered for his work involving the perinatal aspects of obstetrics, and in particular, the treatment and well-being of premature infants. In the 1870s he realized that keeping a constant temperature was not sufficient for a premature infant's survival. He believed that isolation, hygiene, appropriate feeding, and a warm, humid environment were also necessary. Inspired by a device used to incubate poultry, Tarnier introduced prototypes of infant incubators to the Paris Maternité in 1881. These devices were basically wooden boxes with glass lids and compartments that contained hot-water bottles. He called his ‘baby-warming device’ a ‘couveuse’, and through it Tarnier was responsible for a 28% decrease in infant mortality over a three-year period at the Paris Maternité.” (Stéphane Tarnier, Wikipedia)